Which factor does NOT contribute to the need for heating subway cars during winter?

The need for heating subway cars during winter is largely driven by various operational and safety considerations rather than cost-cutting measures. Comfort for passengers is critical; providing a warm environment helps ensure a pleasant travel experience, which encourages ridership and satisfies customer expectations.

Preventing equipment malfunctions is another key factor. Cold temperatures can adversely affect mechanical systems and electrical components, potentially leading to failures that could disrupt service. Keeping the cars heated minimizes this risk by ensuring that sensitive equipment operates within its optimal temperature range.

Maintaining service standards involves adhering to regulations and operational guidelines that ensure safety and comfort for all passengers. This includes mandates related to heating during cold weather.

Although reducing operational costs is an important aspect of running a transit system efficiently, it is not a direct factor in the need for heating subway cars. Rather, effective heating is seen as an essential service requirement that, while potentially adding expenses, is necessary to maintain the overall safety, reliability, and comfort of the transit service.