What must a train operator do in an emergency situation with air brakes?

In an emergency situation involving air brakes, it is essential for a train operator to apply both the air brakes and sufficient handbrakes. The air brakes are the primary braking system designed to bring the train to a stop quickly and effectively. However, in emergency scenarios, relying solely on air brakes may not provide enough stopping power or may take some time to engage fully, especially if there's a need for immediate action or if the train is on a grade.

By applying handbrakes in conjunction with air brakes, the train operator ensures an additional layer of safety and control. Handbrakes can help hold the train in place if any slippage occurs during the emergency stop, particularly if the train is on a slope or if the air brake system experiences any delays or failures. This dual approach maximizes the stopping power available to the train operator, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of the emergency response and increasing safety for both the crew and passengers.