What determines the likelihood of skidding during braking?

The likelihood of skidding during braking is primarily influenced by track condition. This includes factors such as the material of the track, the presence of moisture, oil, or other contaminants, and the overall maintenance of the rail surface. When the track is wet, icy, or dirty, the friction between the train's wheels and the rail can significantly decrease. This reduction in friction increases the likelihood of skidding when brakes are applied, as the wheels may lose grip and slide instead of slowing down effectively.

While train weight, brake type, and operator experience can all play roles in overall braking performance, they do not directly determine skid likelihood in the same way that track condition does. Heavy trains might have more momentum, and different brake types can have varying effectiveness, but if the track surface is poor, those factors may be overshadowed by the immediate impact of insufficient traction. Operator experience can enhance braking techniques but cannot alter the physical conditions of the track, which are crucial for maintaining traction.