On a grade, where must hand brakes be applied?

When dealing with hand brakes on a grade, they must be applied on the downgrade end of the train. This is because the hand brakes are responsible for preventing the train from rolling down the slope under the influence of gravity. By securing the brakes at the downgrade end, operators ensure that the brake force is applied directly against the direction of movement, effectively holding the train in place.

Applying hand brakes on the downgrade end takes into account the force of gravity acting on the train as it rests on the incline. This practice is important for safety and stability, as it helps to mitigate the risk of an uncontrolled slide down the grade. In contrast, positioning brakes at other points, such as the middle or the upgrade end of the train, would not provide the necessary resistance to counteract the gravitational pull on the downgraded portion, potentially leading to hazardous situations. Thus, the correct placement of hand brakes is crucial for maintaining control of the train on a slope.